The Five Tribes of Idaho have a substantial diversifying impact on Idaho's economy. They are engines of growth and stability to Idaho's communities, many of which would be in a deep recession in the absence of the tribes. Despite this success, Idaho's Indian communities still face many poverty-related challenges since the economic impacts are diffused across a wide range of regional economies and businesses. Only a portion of the tribal economic activity benefits the Indian population.

As sovereign nations, the tribes have their own governments, health and education services, police forces, judicial systems, economic development projects, gaming casinos and resorts, agricultural operations, retail trade and service businesses, cultural and social functions, and other important activities. Providing these services creates significant economic and social impacts not only on the Indian reservations but also in the communities surrounding them. Combined, the Five Tribes of Idaho are contributing to the economic and social health of the State of Idaho.

• The Five Tribes of Idaho add 13,311 jobs to Idaho's Economy, including the multiplier effects. 
• Total annual sales transactions from tribal economic activity exceed $1.2 billion, including multiplier effects. 
• The Five Tribes of Idaho have created $521.3 million in annual wages and salaries, including the multiplier effects.
• The total number of unique visitors may exceed 1 million per year, enhancing Idaho's vibrant tourist industry.

This report summarizes the results of a study, "The Economic Impacts of the Five Tribes of Idaho on Idaho's Economy." It was sponsored jointly by the Five Tribes of Idaho and completed in January 2020. The Study's principal investigator is Steven Peterson, Research Economist, and Clinical Associate Professor, Economics, Department of Business, University of Idaho, who has more than 25 years of experience in regional economic modeling. This study also complements regional economic impact analyses conducted for the Coeur d'Alene Tribe, Kootenai Tribe, Nez Perce Tribe, Shoshone- Bannock Tribes, and Shoshone- Paiute Tribes. This study is an update of three previous studies conducted in 2002, 2009, and 2015. The results and findings of this study are those of the author Steven Peterson and do not necessarily represent the University of Idaho or any other organization or individuals.